How Did Solana’s Recent Outgate Incident Happen?

According to a Solana Foundation update, the recent Solana blockchain downtime was caused by a bug in the blockchain’s code and was afflicted by a failing hot spare node, resulting in duplicate blocks.

When a validator operates a second node that is online and meant to be utilized as a backup if the primary one fails, this is referred to as a hot-spare node. Nonetheless, the spare node got live and was functioning alongside the primary one. As a result, the two nodes sent separate blocks to the network, resulting in parallel blocks.

For the first 24 hours, this was handled nicely, as the blockchain ended up picking between the two alternate blocks as it would with any tiny fork in the network. However, a fault in the blockchain’s coding caused it to fail to create any further blocks after one of these options.

Initially, duplicate blocks were handled by the network as expected. However, at the next slot, 221, duplicate blocks were observed again but an edge case was encountered.

Even though the correct version of block 221 was confirmed, a bug in the fork selection logic prevented block producers from building on top of 221 and prevent the cluster from achieving consensus.

What came in the end, Solana was down for about seven hours, and the problem was fixed after that.

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