Secure Element

Understanding the Secure Element

A Secure Element (SE) is a specialized hardware chip designed to securely store confidential data and execute specific applications while facilitating controlled access. This microprocessor chip is particularly well-suited for handling sensitive information such as payment details, personal identification numbers (PINs), passwords, and more, depending on its intended use. In the realm of cryptocurrency, the Secure Element is primarily used to securely seal and protect private keys in hardware wallets like Ledger and CoolWallet. It is assigned a CC EAL rating ranging from 1 to 7, which is arbitrary.

In the identity industry, the Secure Element interacts with certificates and biometric data. Devices like mobile phones and cold wallets incorporate Secure Element technology.

The key feature of a Secure Element lies in its access restrictions, which provide unparalleled security. By only allowing pre-installed programs and limiting read and/or write privileges to trusted devices and applications like point of sale terminals and virtual storage, the chip enhances security.

Secure Elements are available in various forms, including Universal Integrated Circuit Cards (UICCs) and microSD hardware cards. Additionally, the Secure Element can be embedded on a device’s motherboard, encompassing embedded UICCs and embedded SEs.

Furthermore, some Secure Elements operate on the cloud, reducing the cost associated with using a physical hardware chip on a host device. Cloud-based Secure Elements offer a seamless user experience while maintaining the security provided by microprocessors.

When implemented at the hardware level, the Secure Element can detect alterations and thwart hacking attempts. It also provides secure memory for storing critical private data like encryption keys and generates key combinations for asymmetric encryption.

The Secure Element plays a crucial role in various areas, including authentication, digital signatures, contactless or NFC payments, cryptocurrency wallets, and the storage of biometric data.