Security Terms
51% Attack
A 51% attack occurs when a single entity controls over half the network\'s hash rate, enabling double‑spending and block manipulation.
Bug Bounty
A program rewarding ethical hackers for responsibly disclosing security vulnerabilities.
Cold Wallet
A cold wallet is an offline cryptocurrency wallet that stores private keys disconnected from the internet to protect funds against online hacking risks.
Cryptography
Cryptography is the study and practice of securing communication and data through encryption techniques so that only authorized parties can read it.
Double Spend
Double spending is the illicit practice of using the same unit of cryptocurrency or digital token more than once through ledger or transaction exploits.
Exploit
Taking advantage of a software vulnerability to extract funds or manipulate a protocol.
Flash Loan Attack
Exploiting a flash loan to manipulate prices or protocol state within a single transaction.
Hashrate
Hashrate measures the computational speed of a cryptocurrency network or individual machine, calculated in hashing operations per second.
Honeypot
A fraudulent token contract allowing buying but blocking selling, trapping investor funds.
Hot Wallet
A cold wallet is an offline cryptocurrency wallet that stores private keys disconnected from the internet to protect funds against online hacking risks.
KYC
Know Your Customer (KYC) is a regulatory verification process that crypto exchanges and financial platforms use to confirm user identities and prevent fraud.
Multisig
A multi-signature wallet requiring two or more private keys to authorize and execute transactions, enhancing digital asset security.
Oracle Manipulation
Artificially distorting price feed data used by DeFi protocols to trigger liquidations.
Paper Wallet
A paper wallet is a physical document containing a cryptocurrency's private key or seed phrase used for offline crypto storage.
Phishing
Phishing is a cyberattack where scammers impersonate trusted entities to trick individuals into revealing sensitive credentials, private keys, or wallet access.
Private Key
A private key is a secret, randomly generated cryptographic code that authorizes transactions and grants access to your cryptocurrency assets.
Public Key
A public key is a publicly shared cryptographic alphanumeric address used to receive funds and encrypt messages in asymmetric cryptography.
Reentrancy Attack
An exploit where a malicious contract repeatedly calls back into a vulnerable function.
Replay Attack
A replay attack occurs when a malicious actor intercepts and fraudulently retransmits valid transaction data to deceive a network into duplicating an action.
Rug Pull
A scam where developers abandon a project and steal investor funds after accumulating liquidity.
Scam
A Scam is a deceptive scheme designed to fraudulently extract cash or cryptocurrency from victims.
Seed Phrase
A sequence of 12 to 24 random words generated by a crypto wallet, serving as a master backup to recover all private keys.
Smart Contract Audit
A formal security review of smart contract code to identify vulnerabilities before deployment.
Smart Contract Exploit
Smart contract exploits refer to unauthorized actions that compromise contract logic to steal, manipulate, or misappropriate assets.
Sybil Attack
Creating many fake identities to gain disproportionate influence over a decentralized network.
Two-Factor Authentication
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) requires two separate verification methods, such as a password and a code, to secure account access.
Zero-Knowledge Proof
A cryptographic method allowing one party to prove to another that a statement is true without revealing any secret information.