Vitalik Buterin: ZK-Rollups Will Soon Beat Optimistic In The Ethereum Scaling War

Vitalik Buterin predicts that ZK-Rollups will beat Optimistic Rollups in the long term. Buterin compared the two solutions and found that ZK-Rollups was faster in terms of transfers.

Vitalik Buterin: ZK-Rollups likely to be main Layer 2 solution for Ethereum

At last week’s ETHSeoul event, Buterin emphasized that while Optimistic Rollups have a longer development process, the fundamentals of Zero-knowledge Rollup technology will quickly make them the “leading layer 2“.

Optimistic and ZK-Rollups are layer 2 solutions designed to scale Ethereum incorporating off-chain computation while preserving the security of the main blockchain. However, there are differences between them in the architecture of solutions and security.

Buterin noted that ZK-Rollups are faster when transferring funds to and from the mainnet, so they will be more widely adopted.

“My opinion is that in the longer term, ZK-Rollups are eventually going to beat Optimistic Rollups because they have these fundamental advantages like you don’t need to have a seven-day withdrawal period,(…). In more than 10 years from now or even more, I expect the Rollups to basically be all ZK.”

Buterin said

However, Buterin also admitted that ZK-Rollups is still immature and difficult to build.

“So at the same time, the ZK technology is just hard to build. There are a lot of mental challenges especially in doing all of this stuff safely and making sure all of the circuits are correct. Optimistic rollup technology is just more mature,”

While ZK-Rollups are faster, one thing that ZK-Rollups lack is the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which makes them difficult to run decentralized applications like the DeFi protocol. EVM is the main processing unit on the Ethereum blockchain for decentralized applications.

But this may change soon as EVM compatibility for ZK-Rollups is in the works. Layer 2 projects such as Scroll, zkSync, and Polygon have announced plans to introduce a computing environment called zk-EVM that will allow ZK-Rollups to independently run all types of general-purpose smart contracts.

“We’ve actually been starting to see zk-EVM implementations that are almost ready to scale with Ethereum transactions, which is amazing.”

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