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About Handshake
A New Era with Handshake: Transforming the Domain Name System
Handshake represents a revolutionary peer-to-peer root Domain Name System (DNS) that seeks to disrupt the traditional model by introducing a decentralized marketplace for top-level domains (TLDs). Unlike the current system governed by ICANN's root zone servers, Handshake provides participants with the ability to bid on, trade, and transfer ownership of TLDs as non-fungible tokens on an open and pseudonymous platform. Through Handshake, individuals can finally own their own TLDs, free from censorship or domain seizure by Certificate Authorities. This innovative protocol also aims to tackle Zooko's Triangle, which addresses the challenges of achieving decentralization, security, and human-readability in naming systems.
Handshake: Harnessing the Power of Blockchain for Security
Handshake operates as a blockchain secured by Proof of Work, serving as a decentralized source of truth for its domain ownership registry. To ensure the system's integrity, Handshake utilizes an Urkel Tree, a data structure that acts as an authenticated copy of the root zone file. This tree allows for safe resolution of names on a light client, reducing the data required from a full node for local verification. Updates to the Urkel Tree are regularly committed to a Handshake block header. Handshake's native cryptocurrency is known as HNS, with the base unit being the dollarydoo, divisible into 1,000,000 dollarydoos.
The Advantages of Handshake: Compatibility and Privacy
Handshake seamlessly integrates with the existing DNS infrastructure, enabling users to access it directly by running their own full node or indirectly by configuring their DNS settings to a trusted Handshake full node. By incorporating a light client into a browser, end-users can effortlessly navigate between legacy domains and Handshake domains without the need to modify DNS configurations, toggle browser extensions, or operate full nodes. Moreover, Handshake offers users the potential to browse the internet without relying on ISP-owned DNS servers, thus safeguarding their browsing history from corporate entities seeking to gather and monetize user data.
The Genesis of Handshake: Early Development and Launch
Handshake traces its origins back to the Bcoin Javascript implementation of Bitcoin in 2017, with further development carried out under the direction of Purse.io and Private Internet Access. In order to promote awareness and engage the Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) developer community, the Handshake Foundation was established prior to the project's launch. The foundation raised $10,200,000 in venture capital funding, which was exchanged for HNS allocations. Noteworthy institutional sponsors, including a16z, SV Angel, and Draper Associates, contributed to this funding. The entire amount raised was subsequently donated to various FOSS and nonprofit organizations. Additionally, HNS allocations were granted to recipients of grants, and a comprehensive airdrop of HNS was conducted for users of Github and Hacker News. The Handshake Foundation has since disbanded, and the project is now community-led.
Handshake: The Future Ahead
- September 2018 - Testnet 2
- January 2019 - Testnet 3
- April 2019 - Testnet 4
- Mainnet Launch - February 2020
- On-chain transactions and auctions enabled - February 2020


