Vitalik Buterin names The Graph – a protocol that enables the indexing and querying of data from the blockchain – as a potential data storage solution in his plans to revolutionize the network throughput of Ethereum 2.0 with ZK rollup.

Vitalik Buterin – founder of the Ethereum blockchain

The Ethereum leader’s extensive roadmap (roadmap) is released after complaints about extremely high gas charges on the network, which Buterin believes can only be resolved through the mass adoption of ZK rollups.

“Roll up is the only trustworthy scaling solution for Ethereum in the short or medium term.

The transaction fees on Layer 1 have been very high in the last few months and it is necessary to quickly facilitate the migration of the entire ecosystem to the rollup.

Rollup significantly reduces fees for many Ethereum users: l2fees.info regularly shows optimism, Arbitrum offers ~ 3-8x lower fees than Ethereum base layer and ZK rollup (has better data compression and avoids including signatures) costs ~ 40- 100 times lower than the base class ”.

Zero knowledge is a simple and highly secure cryptographic technique. It enables one party to confirm that another party’s block is correct without providing evidence of the blockchain data.

In fact, this technique creates a protocol in which digital transactions take place without disclosing sensitive and compressed data, thereby reducing the amount of blockchain data that needs to be transmitted through the network and thus ensuring interoperability.

ZK-rollup goes one step further and bundles hundreds of transfers in a single smart contract transaction. Interoperable smart contracts to automatically deconstruct and review all transmissions they contain.

Sharding + rollup = super expansion

Buterin anticipates that the rollup will gradually uncover its limits in the long run, so some users will not be able to pay gas fees even at reduced tariffs.

“Even these fees are too expensive for many users. It has long been known that the solution to the long-standing inadequacy of rollups in their current form is data sharding, which adds ~ 1-2 MB / s of rollup-specific data space to the chain. “

Sharding has the effect of segmenting the data that needs to be processed for the transaction to take place.

By sharding transaction information to multiple nodes that are responsible for processing and storing a single information shard, it is possible to reduce the workload that is required of a single node to validate transactions.

This will take place after the start of the PoS Ethereum 2.0 mainnet.

idea von Vitalik is to “Rollup on Sharding Network”, but this also begs the question, where is the historical data of all shards stored?

Source: Twitter

The graph

At the end of the roadmap, Buterin tackles the dilemma: where exactly can all this data go? He suggested volunteers, DAOs, block explorers and torrents as theoretical solutions, but only one project was named.

“Protocols like The Graph can create an incentive market where customers pay a server for historical data, along with Merkle evidence that the data is correct.

This creates an incentive for people and organizations to operate servers that store historical data and make this data available when required. “

Markets reacted quickly to be bullish despite the fading excitement due to the sequential schedule for issuing GRT tokens.

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